A triangular prism, referred to as a prism for short, is a triangular cylinder formed by the intersection of various planes of the glass transparent body. Generally, the main tangent plane is a triangle, and its structure is divided into plane (refractive surface), edge (main edge), top angle, bottom, bottom top line, and deflection angle.
A prism is a transparent prism with a triangular cross section. When the polychromatic light passes through the prism, it will disperse due to the different refractive index of the prism to the light of different colors, which is the dispersion effect of the prism. The prism is a kind of light splitting element, which can be made into optical instruments such as spectrometer, monochromator and spectrometer.
Optical characteristics of prism:
1. Refractivity of prism. When the incident light passes through the prism, it bends and deflects, and the bent light bends to its bottom. Although the prism changes the direction of the light beam, it does not change its degree of convergence or dispersion, that is, it has no effect of convergence or dispersion of light. If the incident light is parallel, it is also parallel when coming out of the prism; The incident light is scattered, and it is also scattered when coming out of the prism.
2. Without focusing ability and focus, it cannot form a real image. Its effect on the image is similar to that of a plane mirror, and it can only form a virtual image.
3. Observe the object through the prism and find that the object is displaced.
4. The prism is the basic optical unit that makes up spherical lens and cylindrical lens for all eyes. The orthospherical lens is composed of three prisms of different sizes rotating from the bottom; A negative spherical lens is composed of three prisms with different sizes and opposite to each other. The regular cylindrical lens is composed of three prisms with different sizes in the opposite direction; The negative cylindrical lens is composed of three prisms with different sizes at the top.
Use of prism
A triangular prism is a wedge-shaped lens composed of two inclined planes and one bottom plane. The light is bent towards the base after passing through the prism, but cannot focus. The degree of prism used in glasses is low. The method to identify the prism in clinic: the position of the prism can be identified by using the function of the prism to refract the light to the base and looking at the object (such as a straight line) moving in the direction through the prism. When measuring the degree of the prism, the refraction of the prism can be eliminated by the neutralization method to understand the degree of the prism. The bottom of the known degree of the prism coincides with the tip of the measured prism. If the straight line does not shift, that is, the refractive power of the prism is eliminated. At this time, the degree of the known prism is the degree of the measured prism.
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